Paul Robeson for Passover.
Happy birthday to Princeton’s own!

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Paul Robeson for Passover.
Happy birthday to Princeton’s own!

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It was quite a birthday present for Florence Price when one of her arrangements was heard by what was likely the largest audience she would ever enjoy in her lifetime.
On Easter Sunday, on this date in 1939, Marian Anderson, barred from performing at Constitution Hall by the Daughters of the American Revolution, because of her race, sang instead from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, to a diverse crowd of 75,000 people on the mall and a national radio audience estimated in the millions.
The program concluded with Price’s arrangement of the spiritual “My Soul’s Been Anchored in the Lord.” By coincidence, it also happened to be Price’s birthday.
Price, born in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1887, had become the first African-American woman to be recognized as a symphonic composer, when her Symphony in E minor was performed by the Chicago Symphony in 1933. Needless to say, in an era when White American males struggled to find acceptance on Eurocentric classical music programs, Price, as a Black American woman, faced even greater challenges.
The playing field has shifted in recent years, and interest in Price’s music has been on the rise. It’s hard to believe, for a composer of her accomplishments, that dozens of her manuscripts were rescued from her dilapidated summer home, on the outskirts of St. Anne, Illinois, only as recently as 2009.
Price died in 1953.
Who knows what other musical riches are out there, undervalued in their time, awaiting rediscovery?
Anderson sings “My Soul’s Been Anchored in the Lord”
Price’s Symphony No. 1 in E minor
Lincoln Memorial Concert

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Last week, I finished reading the first of my recent acquisitions from this year’s Bryn Mawr-Wellesley Book Sale. You may recall the photos I posted of a veritable music book motherlode. As I was about to head out for a train to New York, I was looking for something to keep me entertained for the commute. It being the composer’s sesquicentennial, I reached for “Maurice Ravel: A Life,” by Benjamin Ivry.
I’ll start off by saying, it’s a breezy read. It’s not an academic bio, although of course the more you know about the era and the artists who peopled it, the more you’ll get out of it. Also, the writer doesn’t get bogged down in musical analysis. He writes about each piece, even the songs, but the minor works yield only a few lines. The major works are mostly tied in to related anecdotes.
The book is a bit lackadaisically edited. There is at least one sentence that includes a repeated word, in which one of the uses was clearly meant to be deleted. Sometimes, when a person is introduced, it is as if he or she is being mentioned for the first time, when he or she has already appeared in another episode earlier in the book. Frankly, this isn’t necessarily a bad thing. If you’re like me, by the time you get to the bottom of a newspaper article, you’re always looking back to the earlier paragraphs to try to straighten out who’s who. That will never happen in “Ravel: A Life.”
At the start, I was wondering if I would have to make allowances in reading a book by a writer who isn’t conversant with musical terminology or syntax, as there are several “tells” in the early pages that make it seem as if it’s written by a dilettante. Not that there’s anything wrong with that. Dilettantes can still write well and entertain and offer helpful personal insights. But I wasn’t very far in before I wondered if that too wasn’t the result of a heavy editorial hand, because there’s nothing glaring in that regard for the rest of the book. It’s as if all the editorial effort went into the opening pages and then the interloper got bored, fired, or called to another project. If that is indeed the case, I can certainly relate, having had plenty of articles marred by interventionist editors with little understanding of whatever it is I’m writing about.
There are really only two other criticisms I could level, and they’re not really criticisms. One is the author’s fascination – fixation really – on who’s gay. If I remember correctly one of the objectives in writing the book was getting to the bottom of Ravel’s elusive sexuality; but if that sounds off-putting to you, don’t let it be, because it’s the merest leitmotif that recurs unobtrusively at certain points in the narrative. But it is amusing to find certain artists being introduced as “the gay writer” or “the gay composer” at times when it has no bearing on the anecdote in question.
More to the point, in his determination to solve the Ravel “mystery,” the author is always hoping to convince us through circumstantial evidence. Ravel was a meticulous dresser. He was an artist who hung out in artistic circles that included a lot of artistic gay people. He liked cats and was unusually close to his mother. So surely he must be… (it’s at this point, I guess, that we’re supposed to clap our hands over our mouths in feigned shock).
Granted, I suppose there is some value if anyone can prove conclusively what Ravel’s sexual preferences were (the accepted narrative has been that he was asexual), but only to the extent that it casts illumination on the man and perhaps the artist. Whether or not it informs the creation of his music or how we receive it is open to debate.
My other “criticism” is that nothing is footnoted, so at times it’s unclear from what source the author is drawing his information. Relatedly, whenever he tends toward speculation, especially in terms of psychological insight, I leave it to you whether or not you should take it with a grain of salt.
None of this should be interpreted as that I am trashing the book and that I think it is of no value. I found it very entertaining and a few times I actually laughed out loud. But I’m one of those sick fellows who tends to find inappropriate behavior hilarious. Political correctness was not a thing in the 1920s, and artists can be so bitchy. And I will never forget the image of Ravel getting into an indoor sponge fight with a friend’s child, leaving splotches of water all over the walls.
There’s plenty here for anyone interested to learn more about the composer, and I think the author is successful in supplying enough material that you can really get a sense of his personality.
Ivry is a poet who has also written biographies of Arthur Rimbaud and Francis Poulenc. “Maurice Ravel: A Life” is brisk and enjoyable. At 229 pages (38 of them devoted to bibliography and index), it’s a book I could knock out comfortably in four days. Not the last word on the composer, by any means, but worthwhile for both the novice and the specialist.
At any rate, it was published in 2000, so anything I have to say on the matter can only help, rather than hinder, sales!
Here’s a link to my post about the Bryn Mawr book sale, complete with mouthwatering photos:

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In the last few months, any illusions that we’ve progressed as a nation and as a people have evaporated. Take the case of Karl Muck, who was arrested as an enemy alien on this date, all the way back in 1918.
Muck served as music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra during the first two decades of the 20th century. He, more than any other, was responsible for establishing the orchestra as a world-class ensemble.
By happenstance, the conductor was born in Darmstadt, but his family had lived in Switzerland since 1867. Muck himself held Swiss citizenship since 1880. Nevertheless, during World War I, he was hounded by jingoistic factions of Boston society, a press that fomented anti-German sentiment, and overzealous federal agents who weren’t about to let him off the hook (despite the fact that he had earlier been cleared of any wrongdoing by the FBI).
Tensions mounted after Muck allegedly refused to conduct the “Star-Spangled Banner” at the request of some women’s associations before a concert. The truth is, the request had never been communicated to the conductor by BSO founder Henry Lee Higginson, who personally declined a last-minute change in the program. When Muck found out about it, he was mortified and made sure to include the anthem on subsequent concerts.
Unfortunately, the damage had already been done. Muck was arrested without a warrant and ended his American years in an internment camp in Georgia, set up for those suspected of being dangerous alien enemies of the United States. 29 other Boston musicians were also targeted, fired and imprisoned, because of their German or Austrian origins. Muck and his associates were among the lucky ones. In some areas of the country, suspects were actually lynched in the streets.
Muck’s house and bank account were seized by the U.S. government. In 1928, nine years after his delayed release and deportation, he received a partial return of his assets.
Ironically, before any of his troubles, Muck had actually offered to resign his post after war had been declared, concerned about the BSO’s image and his personal safety, given the rise of anti-German sentiment. It was Higginson who allayed his fears.
Later, in 1933, Muck would face another political test. As chief conductor of the Hamburg Philharmonic since 1922, he actually did resign, in 1933, having become increasingly uncomfortable with Nazi ideology.
Despite his treatment in the U.S., Muck looked back on his years in Boston as among the happiest and most fruitful of his career. Obviously, he meant from an artistic standpoint.
Needless to say, his experiences here are eerily resonant in a way they would not have been only a few months ago. We should be looking back with wisdom, and a touch of revulsion, on a less-enlightened time when legal rights and due process were suspended in order to preserve an illusion of national security. As is all too often the case, the true enemies of the people were those who pushed “The Star-Spangled Banner” at the expense of facts and basic human decency.

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I caught Joseph Papp’s hip, self-aware revival of “The Pirates of Penzance” when it moved to Broadway in the 1980s. In common with his Broadway Shakespeare revivals, Papp’s “Pirates” had its origins elsewhere (for Shakespeare it was the open-air Delacorte Theater in Central Park; for “Pirates” it was the Public Theater’s headquarters in the former Astor Library on Lafayette Street in Lower Manhattan). While rapturously received, the ‘80s “Pirates,” was certainly not for Gilbert & Sullivan purists – the reduction of Sullivan’s orchestration is a horror, and the voices were not exactly D’Oyly Carte – but my, was it a lot of fun!
By the time I was able to see it, Kevin Kline, Angela Lansbury, and Linda Ronstadt were off making the movie – which, I’m sorry to say, turned out stagy, corny, and disappointing. (What worked in the theater did not transfer well to film.) However, George Rose, as the very model of a modern Major General, and Tony Azito, as the Sergeant of Police, somehow continued their Broadway run, even as they too appeared in the movie.
How amazing Azito was in this show. It’s regrettable that the editing choices for the video linked below allow only glimpses of his incredible dexterity. (Azito did all his own choreography.) The police are reimagined somewhat in the style of the Keystone Kops. Azito himself is a human rubber band, who can replicate and even surpass the most improbable contortions of the great physical comedians of yore. (He does a wonderful Groucho dance.) Sadly, Azito died of AIDS in 1995. He was so talented. Justifiably, he was nominated for a Tony for his performance (as was Rose, who didn’t end well either, murdered in Haiti only a few years later, in 1988). I was very fortunate also to be able to catch Azito in “Amphigorey,” a musical revue based on the macabre comic creations of Edward Gorey, during a tryout run at Philadelphia’s Plays and Players Theater in the 1992.
Papp’s “Pirates” moved to Broadway in 1981 and ran for 787 performances. It was recognized with a Tony Award for Best Revival and the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Musical.
By the time I caught it, James Belushi had slipped on the seven-league boots of the Pirate King. You wouldn’t think he would be on a level with Kline, who transformed the character into a post-Errol Flynn matinee idol, with puffy shirt and plunging neckline, as apt to tumble off the stage as swing on a rope. Delightfully, Belushi was every bit as nimble as his famous brother, doing flips off trampolines and carousing most energetically.
You can watch the Kline incarnation, captured prior to its Broadway transfer, here:
By coincidence, I see “Pirates” is back in Midtown, now at the Todd Haimes Theater on West 42nd Street, as “Pirates! A Penzance Musical,” with David Hyde Pierce as the Major General. From what I understand, the new production takes a quasi-meta approach, with the historical Gilbert & Sullivan passing through New Orleans, where a local production of their comic operetta is being staged. I have my doubts about “this jazzy-bluesy vision of the crowd-pleasing classic, in an outrageously clever romp sizzling with Caribbean rhythms and French Quarter flair.” But who knows, it might also be fun. Not sure I’ll be stumbling over myself to see it, but I’d go if somebody offered me a cheap ticket.
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