Tag: Leonard Bernstein

  • 9/11, Art, and a World in Crisis

    9/11, Art, and a World in Crisis

    There was some debate at the time as to whether 2000 or 2001 was the proper start of the new millennium. And in 2000, there was a scramble for generators, as anxiety mounted over whether shortsighted computer programming would cause elevators to plummet and airplanes to drop from the skies for Y2K. Whether or not you felt a touch of annoyance at all the knuckleheads in their New Year’s Eve “2000” novelty glasses who believed they really were welcoming in a new millennium (a year early, in fact), in the end it proved to be as immaterial as a lover’s quarrel. Because the 21st century really began on September 11, 2001.

    22 years on, we live in the world 9/11 made, or at any rate embodied. We continue to grapple with uncertainty, and anxiety, and hopelessness, as humankind gives in to its baser instincts and lessons seemingly are never learned. War, terrorism, nuclear weapons, disease, heedless technology, and shady politics had been with us already in the 20th century, of course; but with the destruction of the World Trade Center, and the horror of the attacks, brought to us live, in real time, it really did seem as if everything was running off the rails.

    In a society where the arts and education are marginalized and brutishness and nihilism are celebrated and exploited as means to power and economic gain, injustice and aggression are on the rise, and we all pay the price.

    This is not to diminish the horror and suffering of those who perished in the attacks or their survivors. Nothing I could write could ever do honor to those who died or convey enough sympathy or solace to their families. But none of us who lived through 9/11 emerged unscathed.

    In response to the assassination of John F. Kennedy in 1963, Leonard Bernstein famously declared, “This will be our reply to violence: to make music more intensely, more beautifully, more devotedly than ever before.”

    But you know the old philosophical thought experiment: if a tree falls in the woods and no one is around to hear it, does it still make a sound?

    If beautiful music is made intensely and devotedly, will it still reach those for whom it might prove transformative in a world where it has been dismissed and even denigrated?

    In Bernstein’s day, classical music was still on television. It was on the radio. It was not chopped up and presented as a string of pretty tunes to be promoted as “relaxing.” Beethoven, Mahler, and Shostakovich did not write elevator music. These were soulful outpourings of people with their own struggles. Now, outside the concert hall, lamentably, they are mostly silent.

    Would classical music have prevented 9/11? Of course not. But anything that promotes reflection and beauty and solace and empathy can only help. Our artistic monuments are what connect us to one another and reassure us and encourage us in how we relate to our fellow human beings. And you don’t have to be a dead white European male to benefit.

    The years pass quickly and it doesn’t take long for people to forget. A generation has already reached adulthood that has no firsthand memory of 9/11. Nor of Leonard Bernstein for that matter.

    Horror and human tragedy can always be found in abundance, whether the cause be natural, as in the recent earthquake in Morocco, or the wildfires in Maui, or manmade, as in the misery of the war in Ukraine, or any number of mass shootings in public places. At home, in the United States, there are dangerous undercurrents of social and political unrest.

    Classical music is not simply the means to a lofty escape. There is a difference between elitism and elevation. The arts are not all ivory tower, after all; they also have a practical application. With the ever-present threat of injustice, oppression, and violence, they are evidence of our shared humanity at its most transcendent.

    Also, I expect they make you feel a hell of a lot better about everything than would an empty diet of soul-crushing noise, vapid flash, and glorified violence.

  • Bernstein Sibelius & Lost Musical Treasures

    Bernstein Sibelius & Lost Musical Treasures

    Last night, I pulled out my collection of Leonard Bernstein’s Young People’s Concerts with the New York Philharmonic to see if I owned a DVD of the broadcast that introduced a young André Watts in the Liszt Piano Concerto No. 1. I do not – though thankfully someone else posted it on YouTube. I decided instead to view “A Tribute to Sibelius,” presented in honor of the composer’s 100th anniversary.

    I learned from Bernstein’s spoken introduction that President Johnson declared 1965 “Sibelius Year” in the United States. And yes, there was a time when Sibelius was that popular in America, though I would say it was a few decades earlier. In 1935, the composer’s 70th year, the New York Philharmonic surveyed 12,000 listeners of its Sunday afternoon radio broadcasts to learn their musical preferences. When asked who their favorite composer was, Sibelius was mentioned more than any other. Beethoven came in second. I always suspected I was born too late!

    I also thought it was clever of Bernstein to compare Sibelius’ handling of his thematic material to a good detective story, in which clues are planted at the beginning, the true significance of which is only gradually revealed. He demonstrates this by following a three-note motif through its various permutations in the Second Symphony. “Those three innocent scale-notes turning up in a hundred different disguises…. [I]n the end they all link up, so that when the final light dawns, and all is made clear, you feel the thrill of having solved a great mystery, you yourself.” It’s an apt simile, even a brilliant one, in that it makes the listener feel like an active participant. But Bernstein was always an effective popularizer.

    The young soloist in the Violin Concerto is the Romanian-born Sergiu Luca, who would later distinguish himself as an early music pioneer. Among Luca’s teachers was Ivan Galamian, who also taught Itzhak Perlman. At the age of 9, Luca made his debut with the Haifa Symphony Orchestra. (At the time, his family was living in Israel.) Like Watts, his U.S. debut was with the Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Eugene Ormandy – in Luca’s case, playing the Sibelius concerto – which brought him to the attention of Bernstein and led to his appearance on the New York Philharmonic telecast later that year.

    Also of interest, from the end credits, I notice that the assistant to the director was none other than John Corigliano, Jr., son of the Philharmonic’s concert master, who went on to become a Pulitzer Prize and Academy Award winning composer himself. Corigliano won the Oscar for Best Original Score for his music for “The Red Violin.” He also scored “Altered States.”

    Assistant to the producer was Mary Rodgers, daughter of Richard Rodgers and composer of “Once Upon a Mattress.” On the side, she also wrote “Freaky Friday.”

    But arguably the part of the broadcast that brought me the most amusement was when Bernstein, conducting the Symphony No. 2, in the thrill of the moment, loses his grip on the baton when gearing up for the return of the big tune around 43 minutes in. I was all set to watch him ride it out with nothing but his bare hands, à la Stokowski, but a few seconds later, sure enough, he reaches under his music stand and produces as spare!

    Hopefully nobody lost an eye.

    Bernstein’s Young People’s Concerts were broadcast nationwide on CBS television and were eventually picked up around the world. The series, which ran from 1958 to 1973, received multiple Emmy, Peabody, and Edison Awards.

    Crazy to look back at the orchestra now and realize there were no women, much less people of color. I remember reading a piece by Dave Barry once, decades ago, in which he humorously described white jazz clarinetists of yore as snapping their fingers in front of a bunch of guys dressed like dentists. The musicians of the New York Philharmonic from this era are kind of like that, only without the snapping fingers.

    Predictably, some of the kids in the audience look a little distracted, though still well-behaved (and well-dressed), but a surprising number of them appear to be genuinely engaged. It’s sad that young people lack these kinds of opportunities anymore to be exposed to this kind of music. Classical music plays less of a part in American life now than it ever has since the rise of broadcast media.

    There was a time in our history when people aspired to be better and believed that the way to do that was to acquire an education and expose themselves to the finer things. It was still like that when I was growing up, in the 1970s and early ‘80s. But that’s a long time ago now. From the perspective of the 21st century, we have passed our peak. This sort of television programming, especially from a network, endures only in memory or, if we’re lucky, in archival footage.

    It seems like only yesterday that I was listening to the “Grand Canyon Suite” in music class and watching film strips of “Madama Butterfly” and “Amahl and the Night Visitors.” I feel sorry for anyone who has never been exposed to longer-form music, experienced its fantasy or been made to shudder at its ennobling beauty.

    There’s so much more to music – and to life – than three-minute cuts manufactured in a recording studio. I don’t think I would have made it this far if I thought that’s all the world had to offer. Are these noble monuments to our shared humanity all really in danger of just fading away?


    “A Tribute to Sibelius” (broadcast date: 2/19/65)

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gx3lJpN6tMU

    A transcript of the show, with a sample of Bernstein’s scrawl, in pencil, on a yellow legal pad

    https://leonardbernstein.com/lectures/television-scripts/young-peoples-concerts/a-tribute-to-sibelius

    And in case you missed it when I shared the link earlier this week, a 16-year-old André Watts plays Liszt’s Piano Concerto No. 1 (broadcast date: 1/15/63)

  • Remembering André Watts Philadelphia’s Piano Icon

    Remembering André Watts Philadelphia’s Piano Icon

    I am very sorry to learn that André Watts has died. Watts was a familiar presence in Philadelphia for decades. Indeed, he was the soloist on the first Philadelphia Orchestra concert I ever saw, playing the Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto No. 2, at the Mann Center for the Performing Arts in Fairmount Park, on July 16, 1984, with Michael Tilson Thomas conducting.

    An army brat born in Nuremberg, Germany, to a Hungarian mother (a pianist) and an African American father (a non-commissioned officer), Watts moved to Philadelphia with his family at the age of 8. Prior to that, he had studied violin in Europe. His mom gave him his first piano lessons.

    Like most children, he disliked practicing. She captured his imagination by telling him about the young Franz Liszt and what he was able to achieve by applying himself and practicing faithfully.

    Watts would continue to find inspiration in Liszt throughout his career. He was a great champion of the composer. In fact, it was as soloist in Liszt’s Piano Concerto No. 1 that he rocketed to fame after a performance with the New York Philharmonic conducted by Leonard Bernstein, televised as part of one the orchestra’s Young People’s Concerts, in January 1963. Watts was 16-years-old.

    Later in the month, Glenn Gould fell ill, and Watts was invited back to play the Liszt concerto on an actual subscription concert. The performance generated such electricity that the hardboiled musicians of the Philharmonic joined the audience in a standing ovation. The performance was recorded and released on Columbia Masterworks, the thrill of the occasion preserved for posterity, as “The Exciting Debut of André Watts.”

    Watts studied at the Philadelphia Musical Academy (now part of the University of the Arts), and then at the Peabody Institute in Baltimore under Leon Fleisher. In the meantime, his dance card was filling up fast. By 1969, his concerts were being booked three years in advance. He signed an exclusive recording contract with Columbia on his 21st birthday.

    Alas, in more recent years, Watts suffered his share of health difficulties. In 2002, he underwent emergency surgery for a subdural hematoma. In 2004, a ruptured disc affected the use of his left hand. In 2019, he underwent surgery for further nerve damage.

    An inveterate cigar smoker, he was diagnosed with (possibly unrelated?) prostate cancer in 2016. The cancer went into remission in 2017, but would return to claim him.

    Despite his medical setbacks, Watts continued to perform. Personal illness did nothing to dampen his passion for playing in public, but the pandemic threw up some pretty steep barriers.

    For certain, with half a century of performances and recordings behind him, and a National Medal of the Arts, among other honors, Watts had nothing more to prove. But he was determined to do what he loved for as long as he possibly could.

    In an interview, he claimed that early on, what he really wanted to be was a writer. For Watts, communication with an audience – storytelling, if you will – was key.

    He will be missed. R.I.P.


    Introduced by Leonard Bernstein, then playing the stuffing out of Liszt

    Visiting “Mr. Rogers’ Neighborhood”

    Playing Mendelssohn with John Williams and the Boston Pops

    Rachmaninoff in New York

    Liszt’s etude after Paganini’s “La Campanella”

  • Plimpton, Bernstein, and Tchaikovsky

    Plimpton, Bernstein, and Tchaikovsky

    After posting about Tchaikovsky’s “Little Russian” Symphony this morning, on the 150th anniversary of the work’s first performance, I recollected an anecdote once shared by the writer George Plimpton.

    Plimpton, of course, was most famous for his forays into “participatory journalism” – getting his hands dirty, with the occasional gash or broken bone, in pursuit of a better understanding of the subject he happened to be writing about, whether it be what it would be like to box with Archie Moore, train to be a goalie with the Boston Bruins, or to play quarterback with the Detroit Lions.

    The guy had guts, without the posturing of a Hemingway or a Mailer, and he wasn’t afraid to look foolish. Or if he was, he made pride subservient to the experience. It was an endearing quality in a man who spoke with a patrician accent, cofounded The Paris Review, and could trace his lineage to the Mayflower.

    When Plimpton took an interest in what it would be like to be an orchestra musician, he was allowed to tag along with the New York Philharmonic as a percussionist on its Canadian tour. In this capacity, he played the sleigh bells in the opening movement of Mahler’s Symphony No. 4 – very badly, it turned out, which infuriated the conductor, Leonard Bernstein.

    But Plimpton redeemed himself when he was assigned the gong in Tchaikovsky’s “Little Russian” Symphony. He was so keyed-up in the work’s final movement, as his big moment approached, that when he received his cue from the podium, he struck with such force that he claimed he could see the shock wave travel across the rows of stunned musicians to Bernstein himself, whose eyes widened in surprise. The conductor had to wait for the sound to decay before he could launch into the symphony’s final bars. Bernstein was so pleased with the result that he invited Plimpton to be on the recording of the piece that he and the orchestra subsequently made.

    But I’m only paraphrasing from the words of a very capable writer. Here’s the story from Plimpton’s own lips. Enjoy!

    https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4539798/user-clip-george-plimpton-joins-york-philharmonic


    PHOTO: Plimpton (right) with Bernstein and the Mahler 4 sleigh bells

  • Bernstein, Shapero, and the Lost American Symphony

    Bernstein, Shapero, and the Lost American Symphony

    75 years ago today, the greatest American symphony no one knows was given its debut by the Boston Symphony, conducted by Leonard Bernstein.

    Harold Shapero was 27 at the time his “Symphony for Classical Orchestra” received its premiere in 1948. He was one of the so-called “Boston Six,” a loose collective of composers that, along with Shapero and Bernstein, included Arthur Berger, Aaron Copland, Irving Fine, and Lukas Foss.

    Shapero met Bernstein while a student at Harvard, where he studied composition with Walter Piston. He was also a student of Paul Hindemith at the Berkshire Music Center at Tanglewood, kind of a home away from home for the Six, and with Nadia Boulanger at the Longy School of Music. He even managed to secure some critiques from his idol, Igor Stravinsky.

    Copland was perplexed by Shapero’s symphony, which may have been steeped in Stravinsky’s then-prevalent Neoclassicism, but clearly tipped its hat to Beethoven, with elements modelled on Beethoven’s Symphonies Nos. 3, 5, 7 & 9. Describing the composer as “the most gifted and baffling of his generation,” Copland added, “Stylistically, Shapero seems to feel a compulsion to fashion his music after some great model. He seems to be suffering from a hero-worship complex – or perhaps it is a freakish attack of false modesty.”

    Bernstein would record Shapero’s 45-minute magnum opus with the Columbia Symphony Orchestra (in glorious mono). In the 1980s, the work was revived by André Previn and the Los Angeles Philharmonic (who also recorded it), and I know David Zinman and Leon Botstein conducted it in concert. There’s also a very fine album of some of Shapero’s other orchestral music, issued within the past few years by Boston Modern Orchestra Project (BMOP), conducted by Gil Rose. And if you’re a trumpet player, you may have encountered Shapero’s compact and appealing Trumpet Sonata.

    Still, orchestras don’t seem to be beating a path to this worthwhile music, a fate shared by works of too many of Shapero’s mid-century colleagues. It’s all about name recognition, and if you’re not Copland, Barber, or Bernstein, you’re out of luck. (Gershwin died earlier, in 1937.) Why break your back and your budget rehearsing unfamiliar music when to play the standard repertoire is pure muscle memory, that also guarantees butts in seats?

    The ascendency of serialism and a relative lack of interest in Shapero’s music caused him to gradually back off of composition. Like Sibelius, his last decades could be viewed as a great silence. Only in Sibelius’ case, he was a victim of his own success. Shapero never found himself in the enviable, albeit paralyzing position of trying to top his own, lavishly-praised masterworks. Largely neglected until the Previn revival, save for an occasional recording of a chamber or instrumental piece on New World Records, Shapero died in 2013 at the age of 93.

    It’s a shame about the symphony. The orchestration is bright and cheerful, the tone is optimistic, the graceful craftsmanship is imbued with warmth and charm, and there are glints of wit in its abundant vitality. Check it out. You’ll be glad you did.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5mVXYLeMko


    Portrait of Harold Shapero by Gordon Parks

Tag Cloud

Aaron Copland (93) Beethoven (95) Composer (114) Film Music (129) Film Score (143) Film Scores (255) Halloween (94) John Williams (192) KWAX (229) Leonard Bernstein (103) Marlboro Music Festival (125) Movie Music (144) Mozart (88) Opera (206) Philadelphia Orchestra (89) Picture Perfect (174) Princeton Symphony Orchestra (108) Radio (88) Ross Amico (244) Roy's Tie-Dye Sci-Fi Corner (290) The Classical Network (101) The Lost Chord (268) Vaughan Williams (103) WPRB (396) WWFM (881)

DON’T MISS A BEAT

Receive a weekly digest every Sunday at noon by signing up here


RECENT POSTS